| Characteristics | Year 1 n (%) | Year 3 n (%) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | |||
| Female | 95 (62.1) | 93 (54.7) | 0.179 |
| Male | 58 (37.9) | 77 (45.3) | |
| Ethnicity | |||
| Malay | 16 (10.5) | 27 (15.9) | 0.186 |
| Chinese | 87 (56.9) | 104 (61.2) | |
| Indian | 30 (19.6) | 23 (13.5) | |
| Others | 20 (13.1) | 16 (9.4) | |
| Language medium at Primary School | |||
| Malay | 15 (9.8) | 56 (32.9) | 0.001 |
| Mandarin/Chinese | 56 (36.6) | 71 (41.8) | |
| Tamil | 6 (3.9) | 4 (2.4) | |
| English | 71 (46.4) | 37 (21.8) | |
| Others | 5 (3.3) | 2 (1.2) | |
| Language medium at Secondary Schoola | |||
| Malay | 29 (19.0) | 70 (41.2) | 0.001 |
| Mandarin/Chinese | 17 (11.1) | 35 (20.6) | |
| English | 105 (68.6) | 63 (37.1) | |
| Others | 2 (1.3) | 2 (1.2) | |
| Communication Skills Attitude Scale (CSAS) | Mean (± SD) | Mean (± SD) | |
| Positive Attitude Subscale (PAS) | 64.0 (6.8) | 61.7 (6.4) | 0.002 |
| Negative Attitude Subscale (NAS) | 15.1 (3.9) | 16.7 (4.2) | 0.001 |
NOTE: 7 and 32 missing student information for semester 1 and 3 respectively Chi-squared statistic were performed on categorical variables, fisher exact statistic performed on those with expected cell counts p < 5, and t-statics were used for continuous variables, p < 0.05, statistically significant a No Tamil medium school in Malaysian secondary school system
Int J Med Educ. 2019; 10:1-8; doi: 10.5116/ijme.5c30.988d