Table 3. Differences between demographics and communication skills attitude scale (CSAS) in Year 3 students
Characteristics Positive attitude subscale (PAS) Negative attitude subscale (NAS)
Mean (± SD) F (p-value) Mean (± SD) F (p-value)
Age in Years        
18 -20 59.8 (4.4)   16.1 (3.6)  
 20-24 62.1 (6.1)   15.0 (4.0)  
25 and above 57.7 (14.2) 2.24 (0.110) 11.8 (3.1) 2.63 (0.075)
Gender        
Female 62.2 (6.0)   14.5 (3.6)  
Male 61.0 (6.9) 1.46 (0.228) 15.5 (4.3) 2.97 (0.087)
Ethnicity        
Malay 63.4 (4.6)   15.9 (4.3)  
Chinese 60.3 (7.0)   15.5 (4.0)  
Indian/Other 64.4 (4.6) 7.48 (0.001) 12.9 (2.8) 7.42 (0.001)
Language medium at Primary School        
Malay 63.1 (4.8)   14.4 (3.9)  
Mandarin/Chinese 60.0 (7.8)   15.8 (4.2)  
English 62.6 (5.3)   14.2 (3.6)  
Tamil 62.2 (5.9) 2.85 (0.039) 14.5 (2.9) 2.01 (0.114)
Language medium at Secondary Schoola        
Malay 63.0 (4.9)   14.8 (4.2)  
Mandarin 58.8 (9.1)   15.9 (3.9)  
English 61.9 (5.6) 5.71 (0.004) 14.6 (3.7) 1.35 (0.263)

ANOVA statistic, p less than 0.05, statistically significant a No Tamil medium school in Malaysia secondary school

Int J Med Educ. 2019; 10:1-8; doi: 10.5116/ijme.5c30.988d