Independent Factor | Category | Adjusted for Time1 | p-value2 | Final Model3 | p-value | |||
Estimate (95% CI) | Estimate (95% CI) | |||||||
Intercept | 3.47 (2.89-4.05) | <0.001 | ||||||
Time of data collectiona | Continuous | 0.08 (0.03-0.12) | 0.002 | –0.03 (-0.09-0.02) | 0.23 | |||
Squared timea | Continuous | –0.003 (-0.01-–0.00) | 0.004 | 0.002 (-0.00–0.01) | 0.08 | |||
Gender | Male | Reference | Reference | |||||
Female | 0.41 (-0.02–0.86) | 0.06 | 0.36 (-0.08–0.8) | |||||
Age group | <27 years | 0.12 (-0.43-0.66) | 0.91 | Not available | ||||
27–30 years | 0.11 (-0.52–0.74) | |||||||
>30 years | Reference | |||||||
Presence of children | No | Reference | 0.88 | Not available | ||||
Yes | 0.05 (-0.59–0.69) | |||||||
Previous university degree | No | Reference | ||||||
Yes | –0.14 (-0.72–0.44) | 0.23 | Not available | |||||
Missing | ||||||||
Family origin | Swedish | Reference | 0.95 | Not available | ||||
European | 0.11 (-0.62–0.84) | |||||||
Non-European | 0.12 (-0.72–0.96) | |||||||
Missing | N/A | - | ||||||
CanMEDS rolesb | Total | |||||||
Medical expert | –0.64 (-0.82–0.45) | –0.16, (-0.43–0.12) | 0.27 | |||||
All other roles | Reference | Reference | ||||||
Communicator | 0.17 (0.00–0.35) |
|
0.40 (0.15–0.65) | 0.002 | ||||
All other roles | Reference | Reference | ||||||
Collaborator | 0.02 (-0.22–0.18 |
|
0.43 (0.17–0.70) | 0.002 | ||||
All other roles | Reference | Reference | ||||||
Scholar | 0.35 (0.18–0.52) | 0.51 (0.25–0.76) | <0.001 | |||||
All other roles | Reference | Reference | ||||||
Manager | 0.63 (0.41–0.84) | 0.72 (0.44–1.00) | <0.001 | |||||
All other roles | Reference | Reference | ||||||
Health advocate | –0.56 (-0.90-–0.22) |
|
–0.39 (-0.75–0.03) | 0.03 | ||||
All other roles | Reference | Reference | ||||||
Professional | 0.03 (-0.18–0.24) |
|
0.33 (0.07–0.59) | 0.01 | ||||
All other roles | Reference | Reference | ||||||
Important life eventc | Yes | 0.40 (0.19–0.61) | 0.37 (0.16–0.58) | <0.001 | ||||
No | Reference | Reference |
1) Adjusted for a random intercept, time, squared time and each of the listed factors (one at a time). Estimates for time and squared time are reported when a random intercept, but no other factors, are included. 2) p-value is reported as a fixed effect test, and all factors with p <0.1 were included in the model adjusted for all factors, indicated in italics. 3) Adjusted for a random intercept, time-dependent factor, gender, all CanMEDS roles, and life events. The mean stress for the final estimated model was calculated as: Stress = 3.47 - 0.03*Time + 0.002*Time*Time + 0.36*Gender – 0.16 * Medical Expert + …+ 0.08*Professionals + 0.37 *Life Event, where Time = 0,1,…,21, and all other factors are 1 or 0 (reference). *Estimates of mean difference compared with a reference or for one-point increase for the continuous variables, presented with confidence interval [CI] a) Time was used a continuous variable (coded as 0,1,…,20) where each step corresponds to 3 weeks. Squared time is included to account for a changing effect of time. b) The total number of learning activities is based on all individuals’ accumulated responses, i.e., n = 1390, and the percentages are calculated relative to this number. Each CanMEDS role was treated as an independent factor in the mixed model. c) Important life event, defined as something that had an impact on the student’s daily life during the last 3-week period
Int J Med Educ. 2019; 10:68-74; doi: 10.5116/ijme.5c94.9391