Table 2. Overall knowledge scores and confidence level between pre- and post-simulation training
Variable Pre-training Post-training p-value
Mean (SD) Mean (SD)
Overall (n=139)      
Test scores * 5.32 (1.88) 6.88 (1.32) < 0.001
Confidence levels 2.39 (0.78) 3.46 (0.63) < 0.001
Leaders (n= 32)      
Test score * 5.47 (1.68) 6.72 (1.51) < 0.001
Confidence levels 2.38 (0.79) 3.63 (0.55) < 0.001
Followers (n=107)      
Test score * 5.27 (1.94) 6.93 (1.26) < 0.001
Confidence levels 2.39 (0.79) 3.41 (0.64) < 0.001

A paired sample t-test is used to compare means of two groups *Test scores have a maximum score of 10 points †Confidence level: 1 (not at all) to 5 (very confident)

Int J Med Educ. 2020; 11:19-24; doi: 10.5116/ijme.5e01.f00c