Main categories	Subcategories
Language proficiency improvement	English communication ability improvement (general and nursing/medical)
	English presentation ability improvement
	English vocabulary/grammar (general and nursing/medical)
	English pronunciation/intonation improvement
	English listening ability improvement and enhanced sensitivity to a variety of English accents
	English group discussion ability
Learning about nursing, healthcare systems, society and culture	Learning about health issues and healthcare systems
	Learning about and experiencing nursing practice and education
	Learning about nursing/medical-related scientific research methodology
	Learning about other cultures and societies
Identity formation	Cultural sensitivity/competence
	Identity as an English speaker
	Identity as a Japanese person
	Identity as a nurse
	Identity as a global citizen
	Personal growth (independence, cooperativeness, broadening of worldview, confidence)

Int J Med Educ. 2020; 11:54-61; doi: 10.5116/ijme.5e47.cf1b