IJME - Validation of the professional self-identity questionnaire for medical students during clinical practice in Japan

Table 4. Paired sample t-test and standardized effect size (Cohen's d) in phases 1 and 2

Scale	t ₍₁₀₄₎	p	95%CI		Cohen's d
Scale	t ₍₁₀₄₎	p	LL	UL	Cohen's d
Teamwork	3.72	<.001	0.20	0.67	0.42
Communication	4.15	<.001	0.23	0.65	0.36
Conducting assessment	4.28	<.001	0.23	0.63	0.36
Cultural awareness	6.46	<.001	0.51	0.96	0.67
Ethical awareness	4.35	<.001	0.29	0.78	0.42
Using records	3.68	<.001	0.18	0.60	0.40
Dealing with emergencies	4.00	<.001	0.21	0.61	0.33
Reflection	4.69	<.001	0.29	0.72	0.46
Teaching	3.21	0.002	0.12	0.49	0.30

LL and UL represent the lower- limit and upper limit of a confidence interval, respectively

Int J Med Educ. 2021; 12:160-165; doi: 10.5116/ijme.610d.104b