Category	Description
Verbal communication	The student addresses the patient using the proper tone, pitch, volume, speed and pausing and avoids the use of unnecessary or unfamiliar technical terms. The patient altogether feels comfortable with the way information is provided to him or her.
Non-verbal communication	The student uses the appropriate body language, which includes eye contact, facial expressions, hand gestures, distance and body position with respect to the patient, in accordance with the situation of the interview and the setting where it takes place.
Empathy	The student understands the patient's response to a situation and responds to their emotions appropriately.
Concreteness	Both the student and the patient are specific and definite in communicating, rather than vague and general. A mutual exchange of information based on the facts fulfils the objectives of the clinical interview on both sides.
Warmth	The student shows friendliness and kindness when dealing with the patient, making him or her feel comfortable during the interview.
Message content	The student shows competence in the subject of the interview and is able to apply his or her technical knowledge to the patient's best interest.
Assertiveness	The student is able to express his or her own thoughts and is willing to stand up for his or her own interests and those of others in a firm and civil manner. The student is aware of the rights of the patient and is willing to work on resolving conflicts, particularly when confronted with patients exhibiting unjustified demands, threats of the lawsuit or false accusations.
Respect	The student is honest in providing care and advice to the patient and accepts the patient's thoughts and feelings without judgment or punishment.

Int J Med Educ. 2022; 13:148-153; doi: 10.5116/ijme.6299.c15f