Table 2. Student rating of the pre-and post-questionnaire in Kobe University's rural decentralized learning program in 2020: online style (exposure) (n =49)
Questions   Online (exposure)
pre post paired t test effect size
M SE M SE t (148) p-value d
Students' satisfaction with the program (NRS; 0–10)
 I think this program is enjoyable. 6.94 0.28 7.51 0.31 2.11 0.04 0.28
 The program is a worthwhile learning experience. 7.88 0.22 8.18 0.26 1.27 0.21 0.18
Students' attitudes toward community healthcare (NRS; 0-10)
 I think physicians working in the local community are honorable. 8.63 0.16 8.78 0.17 1.07 0.29 0.12
 I think physicians working in the local community look happy. 7.80 0.18 8.24 0.17 3.28 <0.01 0.37
 I think practicing community healthcare is worthwhile. 8.08 0.17 8.51 0.17 2.68 0.01 0.36
 I am confident about practicing community healthcare. 6.35 0.23 7.16 0.20 4.56 <0.01 0.54
Students' career intention (NRS; 0–10)
 I want to be a generalist in the future. 7.18 0.28 7.67 0.26 3.42 <0.01 0.26
 I want to be a specialist in the future. 5.88 0.33 5.84 0.34 -0.19 0.85 -0.02
 I want to work in a rural area in the future. 6.96 0.23 7.39 0.21 2.68 0.01 0.28
 I want to work in an urban area in the future. 5.47 0.30 5.53 0.30 0.36 0.72 0.03
Int J Med Educ. 2022; 13:92-99; doi: 10.5116/ijme.6250.020b