Table 3. Student rating of the pre-and post-questionnaire in Kobe University's rural decentralized learning program in 2018 and 2019: in-person style (control) (n =149)
Questions   In-person (control)
pre post paired t test effect size
M SE M SE t (148) p-value d
Students' satisfaction with the program (NRS; 0–10)
 I think this program is enjoyable. 7.26 0.14 8.72 0.11 10.93 <0.01 0.94
 The program is a worthwhile learning experience. 8.10 0.13 9.10 0.10 8.69 <0.01 0.70
Students' attitudes toward community healthcare (NRS; 0-10)
 I think physicians working in the local community are honorable. 8.28 0.12 8.66 0.11 3.84 <0.01 0.27
 I think physicians working in the local community look happy. 6.97 0.13 8.09 0.12 8.85 <0.01 0.76
 I think practicing community healthcare is worthwhile. 7.62 0.13 8.36 0.10 6.70 <0.01 0.52
 I am confident about practicing community healthcare. 5.51 0.13 6.15 0.14 4.83 <0.01 0.38
Students' career intention (NRS; 0–10)
 I want to be a generalist in the future. 6.64 0.17 7.01 0.16 3.12 <0.01 0.18
 I want to be a specialist in the future. 6.13 0.16 6.35 0.15 1.75 0.08 0.12
 I want to work in a rural area in the future. 6.23 0.14 6.69 0.15 4.26 <0.01 0.26
 I want to work in an urban area in the future. 5.38 0.13 5.54 0.14 1.52 0.13 0.10
Int J Med Educ. 2022; 13:92-99; doi: 10.5116/ijme.6250.020b