Table 5. Adjusted post-score differences between online (in 2020: exposure) and in-person (in 2018 and 2019: control) sessions in Kobe University's rural decentralized learning program (n = 198)
Statements β* SE t (193) p-value
Students' satisfaction with the program (NRS; 0–10)
   I think this program is enjoyable. -1.13 0.22 -5.10 <0.01
   The program is a worthwhile learning experience. -0.88 0.19 -4.57 <0.01
Students' attitudes toward community healthcare (NRS; 0-10)
   I think physicians working in the local community are honorable. -0.11 0.17 -0.67 0.50
   I think physicians working in the local community look happy. -0.27 0.20 -1.35 0.18
   I think practicing community healthcare is worthwhile. -0.08 0.17 -0.47 0.64
   I am confident about practicing community healthcare. 0.51 0.23 2.16 0.03
Students' career intention (NRS; 0–10)
   I want to be a generalist in the future. 0.28 0.21 1.37 0.17
   I want to be a specialist in the future. -0.33 0.23 -1.43 0.15
   I want to work in a rural area in the future. 0.16 0.20 0.81 0.42
   I want to work in an urban area in the future. -0.03 0.20 -0.15 0.88

*Adjusted for school year, gender, and pre-score

Int J Med Educ. 2022; 13:92-99; doi: 10.5116/ijme.6250.020b