<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.0 20120330//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.0" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">IJME</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Int J Med Educ</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>International Journal of Medical Education</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="pubmed">Int J Med Educ</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2042-6372</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>IJME</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">16-2135</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5116/ijme.679e.0509</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original research</subject>
          <subj-group>
            <subject>Postgraduate training in obstetrics</subject>
          </subj-group>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Development of a competency framework for postgraduate training in obstetrics and gynaecology using a Delphi study</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name>
            <surname>Allaert</surname>
            <given-names>Ellen</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Robbrecht</surname>
            <given-names>Marieke</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Hamerlynck</surname>
            <given-names>Tjalina</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Weyers</surname>
            <given-names>Steven</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1"><label>1</label>Ghent University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, and Womens Clinic, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium</aff>
        <aff id="aff2"><label>2</label>Ghent University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, and Department of Paediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium</aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="cor1">Correspondence: Ellen Allaert, Ghent University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, and Womens Clinic, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium. Email: <email xlink:href="ellen.allaert@hotmail.com">ellen.allaert@hotmail.com</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>24</day>
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>16</volume>
      <fpage>21</fpage>
      <lpage>35</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>01</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>18</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Copyright: &#xA9; 2025 Ellen Allaert et al.</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use of work provided the original work is properly cited. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/</ext-link></license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <sec><title>Objectives</title>
<p>The aim of this study was to create a new
integrated competency framework for the postgraduate training in obstetrics and
gynaecology and to reach consensus through a Delphi study.

</p></sec>
        <sec><title>Methods</title>
<p>Using the Canadian Medical Education
Directives for Specialists (CanMEDS) framework as a basis, three existing
frameworks were merged by screening for keywords. Subsequently, consensus on
the unified framework was reached through a Delphi study: a group of 18 Belgian
experts was asked for their opinions on the competencies through three
successive questionnaires. 

</p></sec>
        <sec><title>Results</title>
<p>In the first
round, one of the in total 91 competencies was deemed irrelevant. In the second
round, the competencies were reviewed for content and formulation, after which
consensus was not reached on 15 competencies. These 15 competencies were
adjusted as needed based on comments collected during the first two rounds. The
adjusted competencies were then sent back to the experts in the third round,
resulting in a final consensus on all 91 competencies. However, the comments
indicated that several competencies were considered broad or vague, casting
doubt on their practical applicability.

</p></sec>
        <sec><title>Conclusions</title>
<p>Through a
Delphi study, consensus was reached on a newly composed competency framework.
Such a holistic competency framework can form the basis of a curriculum reform
in the postgraduate training in obstetrics and gynaecology within Belgium, but
also in a more international context. Further research is needed to develop an
assessment tool to implement these competencies in practice.</p></sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
        <kwd>Gynaecology</kwd>
        <kwd>obstetrics</kwd>
        <kwd>competency framework</kwd>
        <kwd>post-graduate training</kwd>
        <kwd>Delphi methodology</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
<sec sec-type="intro"><title>Introduction</title>
<p>Since the turn of the century, Competency-Based Medical Education (CBME) has found its implementation in residency training.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r1"><sup>1</sup></xref> Traditionally, medical education is focused on time-based education, where the focus lies on the process of learning, and on the exposure to learning opportunities for specified periods of time.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r2"><sup>2</sup></xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r4"><sup>4</sup></xref> Competency-based education emphasises on the product of learning: the outcome drives the educational process. How the outcome is reached is secondary.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r1"><sup>1</sup></xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r3"><sup>3</sup></xref><sup>, </sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r5"><sup>5</sup></xref><sup>, </sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r6"><sup>6</sup></xref></p>
<p>Although Competency-Based Education (CBE) has been implemented in multiple professional environments for many years (e.g. NASA, the military), it is only since the last decades that the benefits of CBE in medicine became clear.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r7"><sup>7</sup></xref> CBME enhances transparency in medical education, empowers students, enables comparison of curricula in different countries, and improves patient safety.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r1"><sup>1</sup></xref><sup>, </sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r7"><sup>7</sup></xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r9"><sup>9</sup></xref> Moreover, CBME addresses the needs for evidence-based, cost-effective, patient-centred health care.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r10"><sup>10</sup></xref> Many countries, such as the United States, Canada, Australia, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, already use a competency-based national educational program for residency training.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r1"><sup>1</sup></xref><sup>, </sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r4"><sup>4</sup></xref><sup>, </sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r11"><sup>11</sup></xref></p>
<p>Over the years, specific competency frameworks have been developed for postgraduate training in obstetrics and gynaecology, such as the Objectives of Training in the Specialty of Obstetrics and Gynecology<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r12"><sup>12</sup></xref> in Canada and the Dutch national training program for gynaecology and obstetrics (&#x2018;LOGO&#x2019;).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r13"><sup>13</sup></xref> In Belgium no uniform framework exists for postgraduate training in obstetrics and gynaecology. The general CanMEDS framework has been adopted in the curriculum of several Belgian universities for undergraduate training.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r11"><sup>11</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r14"><sup>14</sup></xref> A framework defined for MMSM (Master of Medicine in Specialist Medicine) is based on the CanMEDS competency framework, utilizing four CanMEDS roles as the foundation for the rest of the framework. This framework is used for feedback and evaluation during workplace-based learning in all specialistic medicine disciplines. The original CanMEDS framework is not included in postgraduate training in Belgium. The competency framework of the European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS), more specific the European Board and College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (EBCOG) and the European Network of Trainees in Obstetrics and Gynaecology (ENTOG), provides an overview of all the knowledge and technical skills that a trainee in obstetrics and gynaecology should master upon certification.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r15"><sup>15</sup></xref> It is used as a guideline for training and assessmentbut is not officially incorporated in the postgraduate curriculum. The absence of a uniform framework complicates the evaluation of residents from different institutions and hinders the final assessment of medical competence for certification. At an international level, the variation hampers the evaluation of a resident's level of proficiency and therefore complicates exchange of residents and knowledge.</p>
<p>Given the increasing importance of high-quality care and the growing internationalisation of medicine, it is crucial that the postgraduate training in obstetrics and gynaecology in Belgium is standardised. A uniform competency framework can also serve as a basis within a more international context, simplifying the process for international equivalence of diplomas. In this study, the goal was to develop a new competency framework, based on the merging of the three existing frameworks. As a Delphi study is typically used for defining competencies and curriculum development, this study method was chosen to subsequently achieve consensus on the newly merged competency framework.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r33"><sup>33</sup></xref></p>
<p>This new competency framework will be used for the SBO Scaffold project, aiming to design an evidence-based ePortfolio that supports healthcare students in their competence development at the workplace.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r16"><sup>16</sup></xref> Considering the international background of the used frameworks, this could be an example for other countries to reform their curriculum or assessment tools.</p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="methods"><title>Methods</title>
<sec><title>Generating the competency framework</title>
<p>In order to construct a new competency framework, three pre-existing frameworks were used: The CanMEDS roles as defined by The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r12"><sup>12</sup></xref>, the European Training Requirements in Obstetrics and Gynaecology as defined by the UEMS <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r15"><sup>15</sup></xref> and the competencies as defined by the MMSM.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r17"><sup>17</sup></xref></p>
<p>The CanMEDS competencies were selected as a foundation for the new framework because these have already been validated and implemented in the postgraduate medical training in numerous countries.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r11"><sup>11</sup></xref><sup>, </sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r18"><sup>18</sup></xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r21"><sup>21</sup></xref> The integration of the UEMS framework was essential because this framework was recently developed to improve the European standards of training.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r22"><sup>22</sup></xref> Since the competencies as defined by MMSM are already used by several Belgian universities, these could not be left out.</p>
<p>First, all the CanMEDS competencies were listed out in a Microsoft Excel file by the main investigator (EA). Subsequently, the UEMS competencies were linked to the matching CanMEDS roles and consecutively to the matching key competencies and enabling competencies. During the process, this step was reviewed by a specialised research group associated with the SBO Scaffold project. All steps were repeated for the competencies of the MMSM framework.</p>
<p>After linking all UEMS and MMSM competencies to the CanMEDS enabling competencies, the entire list was checked for gaps and overlap. Where possible, overlapping competencies were merged based on contained keywords. If combining competencies was not possible without changing the essence, these UEMS or MMSM competencies were added to the list of CanMEDS competencies. This step was again reviewed by the research group. In total 33 UEMS competencies and 33 MMSM competencies were merged with the 89 CanMEDS enabling competencies to create a new framework of 91 competencies. A flowchart of these steps can be found in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref>.</p>
</sec>		
<sec><title>Study design</title>
<p>A Delphi methodology was used to reach consensus on the developed competency framework through an online questionnaire. Classically, a Delphi procedure consists of several rounds, during which expert opinions are assimilated using controlled feedback, ultimately leading to a group consensus.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r11"><sup>11</sup></xref><sup>, </sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r24"><sup>24</sup></xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r28"><sup>28</sup></xref> It has a quasi-anonymous design: the identity of the respondents is known to the main investigator, but their answers and opinions remain strictly anonymous to the other respondents.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r26"><sup>26</sup></xref><sup>, </sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r29"><sup>29</sup></xref></p>
<p>For this study, an e-Delphi was used, which is a web-based technique using online questionnaires. An online format facilitates participation from diverse geographical locations, is cost-effective and allows respondents to fill in the questionnaire at a moment that suits their personal agenda.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r25"><sup>25</sup></xref><sup>, </sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r30"><sup>30</sup></xref></p>
</sec>
		
<sec><title>Design questionnaire</title>
<p>During the first Delphi round, participants were asked to assess all competencies for relevance by using a 6-point Likert scale (1 = not at all relevant to 6 = very relevant).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r28"><sup>28</sup></xref> In addition to the Likert scale, participants were able to give comments or specify their chosen answer during every round. The second round contained the list of all competencies, complemented by the level of consensus reached for each competency and the qualitative comments collected in the first round.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r11"><sup>11</sup></xref><sup>, </sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r29"><sup>29</sup></xref> During this round, participants were asked to review the formulation and content and indicate whether they agreed with leaving the competency as it currently stands or not. All competencies without consensus regarding formulation or content were retained and, if necessary, adjusted, based on the feedback of the experts. This process was done in consultation with the research group and two appointed gynaecologists (SW, TH) involved in training residents in obstetrics and gynaecology at the Ghent University Hospital. All adjusted competencies were submitted to the participants during the third round, to determine whether they agreed with the implemented adjustments or not. This in order to reach total group consensus.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r27"><sup>27</sup></xref></p>
<p>The survey was not piloted, indication of time required to complete the survey, reliability and feasibility of the study was ensured by a similar study conducted by a researcher in the research group.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r23"><sup>23</sup></xref></p>
	
<fig id="f1" position="float" fig-type="figure"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Flowchart of the process to generate the competency framework</p></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="a80ce8e79f05523d1ec03b4c90b16d5d.jpg"/></fig>
		
<fig id="f2" position="float" fig-type="figure"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Flowchart of the Delphi study</p></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="73506b2acb5d9bca802c6a0bcb86949e.jpg"/></fig></sec>
		
<sec><title>Selection of experts</title>
<p>Participants of a Delphi study are considered to be experts in their field with knowledge about the area of research.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r24"><sup>24</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r28"><sup>28</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r29"><sup>29</sup></xref> Choosing appropriate experts with knowledge and interest in the topic has a direct positive correlation to the quality of the results, the risk of bias and the content validity of the study.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r26"><sup>26</sup></xref><sup>, </sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r29"><sup>29</sup></xref><sup>, </sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r31"><sup>31</sup></xref></p>
<p>For this study, five groups of experts were included: 1) the recognition committee for obstetrician-gynaecologists in Flanders, 2) supervisors of residents-in-training for obstetrics and gynaecology affiliated with a Belgian University, 3) experts in medical education, involved in competency-based education, 4) recently (2020) recognised obstetrician-gynaecologists, 5) a member of the EBCOG.</p>
<p>Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Ghent University Hospital. Informed consent was obtained from all participants.</p>
</sec><sec><title>Data collection</title>
<p>An email request for participation was sent to all eligible experts. All respondents subsequently received a personal link by email to the online questionnaire of round 1, created with Qualtrics. The same steps were followed for rounds 2 and 3. There was a period of one and a half months between each round. An overview of what personal link belonged to which participant was retained, only accessible for the main investigator. Data was collected between September 2021 and January 2022 and subsequently stored on a secured Ghent University server. All results collected in Qualtrics were transferred round by round to an Excel document where data analyses could be performed. The survey was conducted in English to make sure both Flemish and French speaking experts could participate and to decrease the risk of translation bias, since the CanMEDS framework is in English. In addition, an English framework facilitates further investigation in an international context. To enhance response rates, participants who had not (fully) filled in the questionnaire were individually sent one or two reminder emails.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r25"><sup>25</sup></xref><sup>, </sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r26"><sup>26</sup></xref><sup>, </sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r29"><sup>29</sup></xref></p>
</sec><sec><title>Data analysis</title>
<p>After collection, all analyses were performed in Microsoft Excel. For the first round, percentages of relevance were calculated. Using the 6-point Likert scale, competencies with a score from 4 to 6 were rated as relevant. Consensus was reached when at least 70% of the participants gave a score of 4 or higher. This threshold of 70% has been repeatedly used in previous Delphi studies.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r26"><sup>26</sup></xref><sup>, </sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r30"><sup>30</sup></xref><sup>, </sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r32"><sup>32</sup></xref><sup>, </sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r33"><sup>33</sup></xref> During the second round, competencies were included when at least 70% of experts agreed not to change the competency. All competencies that did not reach consensus were collected and analysed based on the qualitative comments received. Qualitative comments were analysed and subsequently categorised into themes through inductive content analysis.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r34"><sup>34</sup></xref> Based on the analysis of the qualitative comments, the third round of the questionnaire was constructed.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r25"><sup>25</sup></xref><sup>, </sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r28"><sup>28</sup></xref> Competencies with a 70% consensus to accept the adjustments in round three were included in the final competency framework.</p>
</sec></sec>
<sec sec-type="results"><title>Results</title>
<sec><title>Demographics</title>
<p>A group of 122 experts was approached, of which 25 responded. After the first round, 17 out of 25 participants completed the questionnaire and 2 participants started but did not finish (73%). For the second round, 19 requests were sent, and 16 questionnaires were finished, of which 1 incomplete (84%). A total of 15 out of 16 experts (93%) participating in round two, completed the third round. The demographics of all participants who completed at least one round (n = 18) are listed in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref>.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Study progress</title>
<p>An overview of the flow of the Delphi study can be found in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 2</xref>.</p>
<sec><title>Round 1</title>
<p>The new framework, consisting of 91 competencies, was sent to the participants to assess for relevance. A consensus of 100% was reached for 40 out of 91 competencies. A consensus of &gt;70% was reached for 50 competencies, only one competency did not reach the 70% consensus threshold.</p>
<p>A total of 38 qualitative comments were given, these could be clustered into 6 categories: general remarks on the study (n=4), comments on a clerical error (n=6), suggestions to adjust the phrasing (n=11), questions about practical feasibility (n=5), suggestions to merge or split competencies (n=10) and additional information about their own scoring (n=2).</p>
</sec>	
<sec><title>Round 2</title>
<p>During round 2, all 91 competencies were supplemented with their scores from round 1 and their specific comments. Participants were asked to judge if a competency should be adjusted or not, based on the provided feedback.</p>

<table-wrap id="t1" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><title>Demographics, 18 respondents, online questionnaire, Belgium, 2021-2022</title></caption>	
<table width="100%">
<thead><tr style="border-top: 1pt solid; border-bottom: 1pt solid;">
<th colspan="2" align="left" style="width: 89%; border-top: 1pt solid; border-bottom: 1pt solid;">Variable</th>
<th align="left" style="width: 10%; border-top: 1pt solid; border-bottom: 1pt solid;">N</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td rowspan="8" align="left" style="width: 24%; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Age (years)</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 64%; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">31 - 35</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 10%; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">5</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td align="left" style="width: 64%; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">36 - 40</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 10%; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">1</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td align="left" style="width: 64%; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">46 - 50</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 10%; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">4</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td align="left" style="width: 64%; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">51 - 55</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 10%; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">1</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td align="left" style="width: 64%; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">56 - 60</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 10%; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">1</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td align="left" style="width: 64%; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">61 - 65</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 10%; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">4</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td align="left" style="width: 64%; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">66 - 70</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 10%; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">1</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td align="left" style="width: 64%; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">&gt;70</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 10%; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">1</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td rowspan="5" align="left" style="width: 24%; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Functions*</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 64%; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Recently graduated gynaecologist or obstetrician (2020)</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 10%; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">3</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td align="left" style="width: 64%; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Member of the recognition committee for ob/gyns</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 10%; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">4</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td align="left" style="width: 64%; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Member of the study programme committee</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 10%; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">6</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td align="left" style="width: 64%; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Supervisor of ob/gyns in training affiliated with a Belgian University</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 10%; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">8</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td align="left" style="width: 64%; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Member of the ob/gyn section of UEMS: EBCOG</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 10%; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">1</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td rowspan="4" align="left" style="width: 24%; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">University&#x2020;</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 64%; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Leuven</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 10%; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">5</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td align="left" style="width: 64%; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Antwerp</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 10%; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">1</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td align="left" style="width: 64%; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Ghent</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 10%; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">8</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td align="left" style="width: 64%; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Brussels</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 10%; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">2</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td rowspan="4" align="left" style="width: 24%; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Supervisedresidents per year&#x2020;</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 64%; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">3</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 10%; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">2</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td align="left" style="width: 64%; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">5</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 10%; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">3</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td align="left" style="width: 64%; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">6 or more</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 10%; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">6</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td align="left" style="width: 64%; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Not applicable</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 10%; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">7</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot><p>EBCOG = European Board and College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, UEMS = European Union of Medical Specialists
* Some participants had multiple functions, making the total amount greater than 18
&#x2020; This information was not available for all 18 participants</p></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap>
	
<p>A consensus of 100% was reached for 29 competencies to retain the original formulation. No consensus was reached for 14 competencies, meaning there was a request for adjustment.</p>
<p>The remaining 47 competencies received at least a 70% consensus. The competency that did not reach consensus on relevance during the first round, did also not reach consensus to be excluded from the competency framework during the second round. Therefore, this competency was added to the list of competencies that needed adjustment. In total 15 competencies were selected to be adjusted.</p>
<p>There were 51 qualitative comments in the second round. All comments were analysed within the research group, but only those referring to the competencies without consensus (n=15) were taken into account. The remaining comments (n=36) were judged to be not significantly important to change a competency that already reached consensus.</p>
<p>The 15 relevant comments could be divided into 4 categories: suggestions how to adjust the competency (n=8), doubt about relevance for the trainee (despite being scored as relevant during the first round) (n=2), ideas to apply the competency into practice (n=2) and additional information about their own scoring (n=3). Based on these comments and in agreement with the research group, 10 competencies were adjusted, and 5 competencies were left unchanged. All 15 competencies without consensus can be found in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 2</xref>, together with the adjustments (if carried out) and the reasoning behind implementation or non-implementation of the adjustments.</p></sec>
		
<sec><title>Round 3</title>
<p>During the third and last round, all 15 competencies reached consensus, of which 7 reached a 100% consensus. One adjusted competency, namely &#x201C;Promote a culture that recognises, supports, and responds effectively to colleagues in need by facilitating the process to help&#x201D;, received 4 comments saying that the implemented adjustment was unnecessary. Nevertheless, a consensus of 73,3% was reached, therefore the adjustment was retained. The final version of the competency framework is listed in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Table 3</xref>.</p>
</sec>
</sec></sec>
<sec sec-type="discussion"><title>Discussion</title>
<p>A new competency framework for postgraduate training in obstetrics and gynaecology was merged based on three pre-existing frameworks and reached consensus through a Delphi study including Belgian experts.</p>
<p>When using a Delphi study for qualitative research, it is important that a correct study design is used to increase content validity. During this Delphi study only 15 participants completed the entire study, although the researchers aimed to include 30 participants. Since a Delphi study is very time consuming, it is possible that only experts with special interests in the topic or experts with more free time than average participated, increasing the risk of bias. However, all five expert groups as listed prior to the onset of the study were represented by the study population, which reflects a representative and qualitative group.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r31"><sup>31</sup></xref> A response rate of at least 70% was reached for every round and the level of consensus was defined prior to the study onset. We can state that the content validity of this Delphi study is adequate, based on the research design that was used.</p>
<p>Based on this study, we hoped to compile a more integrated competency framework that could form the basis of a standardised national training program in postgraduate training in obstetrics and gynaecology. By integrating both general and discipline-specific competencies within one competency framework, trainees can take more control over their training and evaluation moments can be better substantiated. Thanks to the predetermined competencies, it is clearer for trainees and supervisors what is expected of them.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r1"><sup>1</sup></xref></p>
<p>A similar study was conducted within the paediatric discipline, where consensus was reached on a very similar competency framework.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r23"><sup>23</sup></xref> This confirms that a competency framework, as compiled in this study, is also supported by experts within their field in other disciplines. Moreover, this is a confirmation that a holistic competency framework like this could potentially serve as a basis for curriculum reform of all specialist training programs in Belgium.</p>
	
	
<table-wrap id="t2" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><title>Competencies without consensus, with adjustments (if carried out)</title></caption>
<table width="100%">
<thead><tr style="border-top: 1pt solid; border-bottom: 1pt solid;">
<th align="left" style="width: 29px; border-top: 1pt solid; border-bottom: 1pt solid;">No</th>
<th align="left" style="width: 200px; border-top: 1pt solid; border-bottom: 1pt solid;">Competency before Delphi study</th>
<th align="left" style="width: 187px; border-top: 1pt solid; border-bottom: 1pt solid;">Adjusted competency after Delphi study</th>
<th align="left" style="width: 180px; border-top: 1pt solid; border-bottom: 1pt solid;">Argumentation for adjustment</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td align="left" style="width: 29px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">1</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 200px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Have and apply knowledge about embryology, anatomy and the physiology of the female genital organs and breasts and understand bio-psychosocial aspects of obstetrical and gynaecological conditions as listed in addendum* (ADDENDUM: OBSTETRICAL AND GYNAECOLOGICAL EXPERTISE)</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 187px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Have and apply knowledge about embryology, anatomy, genetics and the physiology of the female genital organs and breasts and understand bio-psychosocial aspects of obstetrical and gynaecological conditions as listed in addendum* (ADDENDUM: OBSTETRICAL AND GYNAECOLOGICAL EXPERTISE)</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 180px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Genetics is also important to have knowledge about</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td align="left" style="width: 29px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">2</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 200px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Prioritize issues to be addressed in a patient encounter</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 187px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Prioritize issues to be addressed in a patient encounter, based on urgency and further planning</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 180px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Relevant, but very general statement. Attempt to make this competency more concrete.</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td align="left" style="width: 29px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">3</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 200px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Establish a patient-centred management plan</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 187px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Establish a concrete patient-centred management plan, based on the postulated goals</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 180px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Very similar to a previous competency. Difference is that the former competency aims at defining goals, while this aims at the way these goals can be reached.</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td align="left" style="width: 29px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">4</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 200px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Perform the gynaecologic and obstetric skills as listed in addendum, in a skilful and safe manner, adapting to unanticipated findings or changing clinical circumstances (ADDENDUM: PRACTICAL SKILLS )</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 187px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Left unchanged&#xA0;</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 180px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Comments on the list in addendum, which is not yet completed. No comments on formulation of the competency.</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td align="left" style="width: 29px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">5</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 200px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Implement a patient-centred care plan that supports ongoing care, follow-up on investigations, response to treatment, and further consultation</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 187px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Left unchanged</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 180px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Comment that there is overlap with former competencies:Other competencies cover the process of obtaining a treatment goal and establishing a plan.This competency covers the implementation of the care plan</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td align="left" style="width: 29px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">6</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 200px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Deliver the highest quality of care, including the adoption of strategies that contribute to the promotion of patient safety, and address human and system factors</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 187px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Deliver the highest evidence based quality of care, including the adoption of strategies that contribute to the promotion of patient safety, and address human and system factors</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 180px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Defines more specifically what the highest quality of care means</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td align="left" style="width: 29px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">7</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 200px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Apply the science of quality improvement to contribute to improving systems of patient care</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 187px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Contribute to the improvement of systems of patient care, by applying the science of quality improvement</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 180px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Comment that there is overlap with a former competency: Focus on the improvement of systems of patient care, as a leader.</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td align="left" style="width: 29px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">8</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 200px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Allocate health care resources for optimal patient care</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 187px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Allocate health care resources, such as equipment, human and financial resources, for optimal patient care</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 180px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">It goes further than only financial resources</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td align="left" style="width: 29px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">9</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 200px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Manage health care in a socially&#xA0;responsible way and demonstrate leadership skills to enhance health care</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 187px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Left unchanged</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 180px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Comment that there is overlap with a former competency, but unclear which competency is meant. Presumably a competency regarding cost-appropriate care was meant. Socially responsible health care is much broader than cost-appropriate care</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td align="left" style="width: 29px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">10</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 200px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Manage stressful situations with effective responses to challenge, complexity and stress in gynaecology and obstetrics</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 187px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Manage and lead stressful&#xA0;situations with effective responses to challenge, complexity and stress in gynaecology and obstetrics</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 180px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Focus on the management of stressful situations as a leader</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td align="left" style="width: 29px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">11</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 200px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Work with a community or population to identify the determinants of health that affect them</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 187px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Work with a community or population to identify the determinants of health that affect them (If applicable)</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 180px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">No consensus regarding relevancy for all ObGyns</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td align="left" style="width: 29px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">12</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 200px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Improve clinical practice by applying a process of continuous quality improvement to disease prevention, health promotion, and health surveillance activities</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 187px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Left unchanged</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 180px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Overlap with other competencies on quality of care. This competency focuses on continuous quality improvement in three areas which are not yet covered in other competencies</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td align="left" style="width: 29px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">13</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 200px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Develop, implement, monitor, and revise a personal learning plan to enhance professional practice</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 187px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Left unchanged</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 180px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Comment that another competency covers this statement too.This competency focuses on the development of a personal learning plan and not on the method of learning</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td align="left" style="width: 29px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">14</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 200px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Recognize and respond to unprofessional and unethical behaviours in physicians and other colleagues in the health care professions</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 187px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Recognize and respond to unprofessional and unethical behaviours in physicians and other colleagues in the health care professions, according to the principles of effective feedback</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 180px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Describes how someone is expected to respond</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td align="left" style="width: 29px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">15</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 200px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Promote a culture that recognizes, supports, and responds effectively to colleagues in need</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 187px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Promote a culture that recognizes, supports, and responds effectively to colleagues in need by facilitating the process to help</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 180px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Defines more specifically what "responds effectively" means</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></table-wrap>

	
<table-wrap id="t3" position="float"><label>Table 3</label><caption><title>Final competency framework</title></caption>
<table width="100%">
<thead><tr style="border-top: 1pt solid; border-bottom: 1pt solid;"><th colspan="3" align="left" style="border-top: 1pt solid; border-bottom: 1pt solid; width: 558px;">Role 1. Medical expert</th></tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td rowspan="21" align="left" style="width: 38px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">&#xA0;</td>
<td colspan="2" align="left" style="width: 520px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Key competency 1: Practise medicine within their defined scope of practice and expertise</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td rowspan="4" align="left" style="width: 44px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">&#xA0;</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Have and apply knowledge about embryology, anatomy, genetics and the physiology of the female genital organs and breasts and understand bio-psychosocial aspects of obstetrical and gynaecological conditions as listed in addendum* (ADDENDUM: OBSTETRICAL AND GYNAECOLOGICAL EXPERTISE)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Perform appropriately timed clinical assessments with adequate responsiveness to situations where the wellbeing of the patient is endangered or compromised, and present recommendations in an organized manner</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Carry out professional duties in the face of multiple, competing demands</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Recognize and respond to the complexity, uncertainty, and ambiguity inherent in medical practice</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td colspan="2" align="left" style="width: 520px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Key competency 2: Perform a patient-centred clinical assessment and establish a management plan</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td rowspan="4" align="left" style="width: 44px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">&#xA0;</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Prioritize issues to be addressed in a patient encounter, based on urgency and further planning</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Elicit a patient and family history including social issues, perform a physical exam, select appropriate investigations, and interpret their results for the purpose of (differential) diagnosis and management, disease prevention, and health promotion</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Establish goals of care in collaboration with patients and their families, which may include slowing disease progression, treating symptoms, achieving cure, improving function, and palliation</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Establish a concrete patient-centred management plan, based on the postulated goals</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td colspan="2" align="left" style="width: 520px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Key competency 3: Plan and perform procedures and therapies for the purpose of assessment and/or management</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td align="left" style="width: 44px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">&#xA0;</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Order the appropriate investigations for gynaecologic and obstetric assessment; interpret their results for the purpose of formulating an appropriate (differential) diagnosis; determine the most appropriate therapies or preventive interventions including the safe prescription of common drugs; all in an evidence-based manner</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td align="left" style="width: 44px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">&#xA0;</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Obtain and document informed consent, explaining the risks and benefits of, and the rationale for, a proposed procedure or therapy</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td align="left" style="width: 44px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">&#xA0;</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Prioritize a procedure or therapy, taking into account clinical urgency and available resources</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td align="left" style="width: 44px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">&#xA0;</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Perform the gynaecologic and obstetric skills as listed in addendum, in a skilful and safe manner, adapting to unanticipated findings or changing clinical circumstances (ADDENDUM: PRACTICAL SKILLS)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td colspan="2" align="left" style="width: 520px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Key competency 4: Establish plans for ongoing care and, when appropriate, timely consultation</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td align="left" style="width: 44px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">&#xA0;</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Implement a patient-centred care plan that supports ongoing care, follow-up on investigations, response to treatment, and further consultation</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td colspan="2" align="left" style="width: 520px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Key competency 5: Actively contribute, as an individual and as a member of a team providing care, to the continuous improvement of health care quality and patient safety</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td rowspan="3" align="left" style="width: 44px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">&#xA0;</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Recognize and respond to harm from health care delivery, including patient safety incidents</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Identify the limits of one's own competency and act within them by asking for help when needed</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Deliver the highest evidence-based quality of care, including the adoption of strategies that contribute to the promotion of patient safety, and address human and system factors</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td colspan="3" align="left" style="width: 558px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Role 2. Communicator</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td rowspan="22" align="left" style="width: 38px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">&#xA0;</td>
<td colspan="2" align="left" style="width: 520px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Key competency 1: Establish professional therapeutic relationships with patients and their families</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td rowspan="6" align="left" style="width: 44px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">&#xA0;</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Communicate using active listening and a patient-centred approach that encourages patient trust and autonomy and is characterized by empathy, respect, and compassion</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Optimize the physical environment for patient comfort, dignity, privacy, engagement, and safety</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Recognize when the values, biases, or perspectives of patients, physicians, or other health care professionals may have an impact on the quality of care, and modify the approach to the patient accordingly</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Respond to a patient&#x2019;s non-verbal behaviours to enhance communication</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Manage disagreements and emotionally charged conversations</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Adapt to the unique needs and preferences of each patient and to his or her clinical condition and circumstances</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td colspan="2" align="left" style="width: 520px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Key competency 2: Elicit and synthesize accurate and relevant information, incorporating the perspectives of patients and their families</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td rowspan="3" align="left" style="width: 44px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">&#xA0;</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Use patient-centred interviewing skills to effectively gather relevant biomedical and psychosocial information</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Provide a clear structure for and manage the flow of an entire patient encounter</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Seek and synthesize relevant information from other sources, including the patient&#x2019;s family, with the patient&#x2019;s consent</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td colspan="2" align="left" style="width: 520px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Key competency 3: Share health care information and plans with patients and their families</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td rowspan="2" align="left" style="width: 44px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">&#xA0;</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Share information and explanations that are clear, accurate, and timely, while checking for patient and family understanding</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Disclose harmful patient safety incidents to patients and their families accurately and appropriately</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td colspan="2" align="left" style="width: 520px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Key competency 4: Engage patients and their families in developing plans that reflect the patient&#x2019;s health care needs and goals</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td rowspan="3" align="left" style="width: 44px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">&#xA0;</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Facilitate discussions with patients and their families in a way that is respectful, non-judgmental, and culturally safe</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Assist patients and their families to identify, access, and make use of information and communication technologies to support their care and manage their health, ensuring patient empowerment</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Use communication skills and strategies that help patients and their families make informed decisions regarding their health, facilitating the balance between evidence-based recommendations and patient's preferences</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td colspan="2" align="left" style="width: 520px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Key competency 5: Document and share written and electronic information about the medical encounter to optimize clinical decision-making, patient safety, confidentiality, and privacy</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td rowspan="3" align="left" style="width: 44px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">&#xA0;</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Document clinical encounters in an accurate, complete, timely, and accessible manner, in compliance with regulatory and legal requirements</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Communicate effectively using a written health record, electronic medical record, or other digital technology</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Share information with patients and others in a manner that respects patient privacy and &#xA0;confidentiality and enhances understanding</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td colspan="3" align="left" style="width: 558px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Role 3. Collaborator</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td rowspan="10" align="left" style="width: 38px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">&#xA0;</td>
<td colspan="2" align="left" style="width: 520px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Key competency 1: Work effectively with physicians and other colleagues in the health care professions</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td rowspan="3" align="left" style="width: 44px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">&#xA0;</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Establish and maintain positive relationships with physicians and other colleagues in the health care professions, by focussing on team performance and developing effective communication, to support relationship-centred collaborative care and contribute to a constructive working environment</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Negotiate overlapping and shared responsibilities with physicians and other colleagues in the health care professions in episodic and ongoing care</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Engage in respectful shared decision-making with physicians and other colleagues in the health care professions, recognizing and relying on the expertise of others</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td colspan="2" align="left" style="width: 520px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Key competency 2: Work with physicians and other colleagues in the health care professions to promote understanding, manage differences, and resolve conflicts</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td rowspan="2" align="left" style="width: 44px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">&#xA0;</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Show respect toward collaborators</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Implement strategies to promote understanding, manage differences, and resolve conflicts in a manner that supports a collaborative culture</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td colspan="2" align="left" style="width: 520px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Key competency 3: Hand over the care of a patient to another health care professional to facilitate continuity of safe patient care</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td rowspan="2" align="left" style="width: 44px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">&#xA0;</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Determine when care should be transferred to another physician or health care professional</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Demonstrate safe handover, referral and discharge planning of care; using both verbal and written communication during a patient transition to a different health care professional, setting or stage of care</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td colspan="3" align="left" style="width: 558px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Role 4. Leader</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td rowspan="18" align="left" style="width: 38px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">&#xA0;</td>
<td colspan="2" align="left" style="width: 520px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Key competency 1: Contribute to the improvement of health care delivery in teams, organizations, and systems</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td rowspan="6" align="left" style="width: 44px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">&#xA0;</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Contribute to the improvement of systems of patient care, by applying the science of quality improvement</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Contribute to the organisation of health care within their own facility</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Contribute to a culture that promotes patient safety</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Analyze patient safety incidents to enhance systems of care</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Use health informatics to improve the quality of patient care, optimize patient safety and maintenance of own expertise</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Contribute to the progress of health care by facilitating the implementation of innovation</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td colspan="2" align="left" style="width: 520px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Key competency 2: Engage in the stewardship of health care resources</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td rowspan="2" align="left" style="width: 44px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">&#xA0;</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Allocate health care resources, such as equipment, human and financial resources, for optimal patient care</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Apply evidence and management processes to achieve cost-appropriate care</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td colspan="2" align="left" style="width: 520px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Key competency 3: Demonstrate leadership in professional practice</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td rowspan="3" align="left" style="width: 44px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">&#xA0;</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Manage health care in a socially&#xA0;responsible way and demonstrate leadership skills to enhance health care</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Manage and lead stressful&#xA0;situations with effective responses to challenge, complexity and stress in gynaecology and obstetrics</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Facilitate change in health care to enhance services and outcomes</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td colspan="2" align="left" style="width: 520px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Key competency 4: Manage career planning, finances, and health human resources in a practice</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td rowspan="3" align="left" style="width: 44px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">&#xA0;</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Set priorities and manage time, by working efficiently and organised, to integrate practice and personal life</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Manage a career and a practice</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Implement processes to ensure personal practice improvement</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td colspan="3" align="left" style="width: 558px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Role 5. Health advocate</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td rowspan="8" align="left" style="width: 38px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">&#xA0;</td>
<td colspan="2" align="left" style="width: 520px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Key competency 1: Respond to an individual patient&#x2019;s health needs by advocating with the patient within and beyond the clinical environment</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td rowspan="3" align="left" style="width: 44px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">&#xA0;</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Work with patients to address determinants of health that affect them and their access to needed health services or resources</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Work with patients and their families to increase opportunities to adopt healthy behaviours</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Incorporate disease prevention, health promotion, and health surveillance into interactions with individual patients</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td colspan="2" align="left" style="width: 520px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Key competency 2: Respond to the needs of the communities or populations they serve by advocating with them for system-level change in a socially accountable manner</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td rowspan="3" align="left" style="width: 44px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">&#xA0;</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Work with a community or population to identify the determinants of health that affect them (If applicable)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Improve clinical practice by applying a process of continuous quality improvement to disease prevention, health promotion, and health surveillance activities</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Contribute to a process to improve health in the community or population they serve</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td colspan="3" align="left" style="width: 558px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Role 6. Scholar</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td rowspan="22" align="left" style="width: 38px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">&#xA0;</td>
<td colspan="2" align="left" style="width: 520px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Key competency 1: Engage in the continuous enhancement of their professional activities through ongoing learning</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td rowspan="3" align="left" style="width: 44px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">&#xA0;</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Develop, implement, monitor, and revise a personal learning plan to enhance professional practice</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Identify opportunities for learning and improvement by regularly seeking and accepting feedback and by reflecting on and assessing their performance using various internal and external data sources</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Engage in collaborative learning to continuously improve personal practice and contribute to collective improvements in practice</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td colspan="2" align="left" style="width: 520px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Key competency 2: Teach students, residents, the public, and other health care professionals</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td rowspan="6" align="left" style="width: 44px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">&#xA0;</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Be a good role-model and recognize the influence of role-modelling and the impact of the formal, informal, and hidden curriculum on learners</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Promote a safe learning environment</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Ensure patient safety is maintained when learners are involved</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Plan and deliver a learning activity to students, colleagues and other healthcare professionals</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Provide adequate feedback to enhance learning and performance</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Assess and evaluate learners, teachers, and programs in an educationally appropriate manner</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td colspan="2" align="left" style="width: 520px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Key competency 3: Integrate best available evidence into practice</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td rowspan="4" align="left" style="width: 44px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">&#xA0;</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Recognize practice uncertainty and knowledge gaps in clinical and other professional encounters and generate focused questions that address them</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Identify, select, and navigate pre-appraised resources</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Critically evaluate the integrity, reliability, and applicability of health-related research and literature</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Integrate evidence into decision-making in their practice</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td colspan="2" align="left" style="width: 520px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Key competency 4: Contribute to the creation and dissemination of knowledge and practices applicable to health</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td rowspan="5" align="left" style="width: 44px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">&#xA0;</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Demonstrate an understanding of the scientific principles of research and scholarly inquiry and the role of research evidence in health care</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Identify ethical principles for research and incorporate them into obtaining informed consent, considering potential harms and benefits, and considering vulnerable populations</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Contribute to the progress of health care via the work of a research program (critical literature review, data collection and analysis, reporting research results)</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Pose questions amenable to scholarly inquiry and select appropriate methods to address them</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Summarize and communicate to professional and lay audiences, including patients and their families, the findings of relevant research and scholarly inquiry</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td colspan="3" align="left" style="width: 558px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Role 7. Professional</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td align="left" style="width: 38px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">&#xA0;</td>
<td colspan="2" align="left" style="width: 520px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Key competency 1: Demonstrate a commitment to patients by applying best practices and adhering to high ethical standards</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td rowspan="16" align="left" style="width: 38px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">&#xA0;</td>
<td rowspan="6" align="left" style="width: 44px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">&#xA0;</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Exhibit appropriate professional behaviours and relationships in all aspects of practice, demonstrating honesty, integrity, humility, commitment, compassion, respect, altruism, respect for diversity, and maintenance of confidentiality; see the patient in a holistic perspective and give individualized care</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Work with respect for the universal human rights of women</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Demonstrate a commitment to excellence in all aspects of practice</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Work according to ethical standards and recognize and respond to ethical issues encountered in practice</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Recognize and manage conflicts of interest</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Exhibit professional behaviours in the use of technology-enabled communication</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td colspan="2" align="left" style="width: 520px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Key competency 2: Demonstrate a commitment to society by recognizing and responding to societal expectations in health care</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td align="left" style="width: 44px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">&#xA0;</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Demonstrate accountability to patients, society, and the profession by responding to societal expectations of physicians</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td colspan="2" align="left" style="width: 520px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Key competency 3: Demonstrate a commitment to the profession by adhering to standards and participating in physician-led regulation</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td rowspan="3" align="left" style="width: 44px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">&#xA0;</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Fulfill and adhere to the professional and ethical codes, standards of practice, guidelines and laws governing practice
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Recognize and respond to unprofessional and unethical behaviours in physicians and other colleagues in the health care professions, according to the principles of effective feedback</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Participate in peer assessment and standard setting</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td colspan="2" align="left" style="width: 520px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Key competency 4: Demonstrate a commitment to physician health and well-being to foster optimal patient care</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">
<td rowspan="3" align="left" style="width: 44px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">&#xA0;</td>
<td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Exhibit self-awareness and manage influences on personal well-being and professional performance</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Manage personal and professional demands, by maintaining a healthy work-life balance, for a sustainable practice throughout the physician life cycle</td></tr>
<tr style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;"><td align="left" style="width: 476px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: initial;">Promote a culture that recognizes, supports, and responds effectively to colleagues in need by facilitating the process to help</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table></table-wrap>

<p>Since two international validated frameworks were used to create the new framework, namely the CanMEDS framework and the UEMS framework, this framework should be considered as relevant in a more international context. Once it has been implemented in a new workplace-based learning curriculum in Belgium, it could form the basis of curriculum and assessment reform in other countries. The use of a postgraduate training curriculum, based on the same competency framework, that transcends national boundaries can enhance quality and transparency in medical education.</p>
<p>One of the limitations of this framework is that although only one competency did not reach consensus for relevance, multiple comments indicated that the competencies are too broad or difficult to assess in clinical practice. This weakness of the CanMEDS framework has already been acknowledged in earlier literature.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r11"><sup>11</sup></xref><sup>, </sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r19"><sup>19</sup></xref> Moreover, the lack of appropriate assessment tools seems to be inherent in CBME.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r2"><sup>2</sup></xref><sup>, </sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r8"><sup>8</sup></xref><sup>, </sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r19"><sup>19</sup></xref><sup>, </sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r35"><sup>35</sup></xref> It is important to limit the list of concrete learning outcomes when developing an assessment method. Otherwise, it may lead to &#x2018;checkbox education&#x2019;, where the holistic view of the original competencies is lost in an endless list of abilities.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r3"><sup>3</sup></xref><sup>, </sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r8"><sup>8</sup></xref> Therefore, further investigation is needed to create an appropriate assessment tool to implement these competencies in clinical practice. One possibility would be the use of entrustable professional activities (EPAs) as an assessment method.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r36"><sup>36</sup></xref> EPAs are descriptors of work of which both the process and outcome can be assessed, it can be used as a way to translate enabling competencies into clinical practice. The competencies are achieved gradually in five levels of proficiency, in this manner all trainees have their own individualised learning curves and potential areas of concern could be addressed earlier.</p>
<p>The lists with specific gynaecological and obstetrical skills and knowledge added to the holistic competency framework were added as an example during this Delphi study but are not yet updated or validated. A subsequent investigation to optimise and validate these lists is required to create a complete picture of the postgraduate training in obstetrics and gynaecology.</p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="conclusions"><title>Conclusions</title>
<p>This article provides a new integrated competency framework for postgraduate training in obstetrics and gynaecology, based on three pre-existing frameworks. Consensus on this framework was reached through a Delphi study.&#xA0; Such a holistic competency framework can form the basis of a curriculum reform in the postgraduate training in obstetrics and gynaecology within Belgium, but also in a more international context. Since a similar competency framework for paediatric postgraduate training also reached consensus in an earlier study, this competency framework could potentially serve as the basis for a curriculum reform of all specialist training programs in Belgium.</p>
<p>The competency framework in its current form is too extensive to use during workplace learning. Following steps should focus on optimization and validation of the specific gynaecological and obstetrical skills and knowledge, and on creating a qualitative assessment tool to integrate this competency framework into practice.</p>
<sec><title>Acknowledgements</title>
<p>The authors would like to acknowledge the contribution of Dr. Mieke Embo, Ms. Vasiliki Andreou, Ms. Oona Janssens and Ms. Sofie Van Ostaeyen for their expert opinions during the development of the competency framework. We would like to thank our participants for the investment of their time in this study.</p>
</sec><sec><title>Conflicts of Interest</title>
<p>The authors declare they have no conflicts of interest.</p>
</sec></sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <ref-list><title>References</title>
		
		
	
<ref id="r1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other">Harden RM, Laidlaw JM. Essential skills for a medical teacher: an introduction to teaching and learning in medicine. 3rd ed. Poland: Elyse O'Grady; 2021. Chapter 2, What is outcome- or competency-based education? [Cited 30 July 2024]; Available from: https://www.google.be/books/edition/Essential_Skills_for_a_Medical_Teacher/qPjqDwAAQBAJ?hl=nl&amp;gbpv=1.
</mixed-citation></ref>
				
<ref id="r2"><label>2</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Carraccio</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Wolfsthal</surname><given-names>SD</given-names></name><name><surname>Englander</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name><name><surname>Ferentz</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Martin</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Shifting paradigms: from Flexner to competencies.</article-title><source>Acad Med</source><year>2002</year><volume>77</volume><fpage>361</fpage><lpage>367</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1097/00001888-200205000-00003</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12010689</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r3"><label>3</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Gruppen</surname><given-names>LD</given-names></name><name><surname>Mangrulkar</surname><given-names>RS</given-names></name><name><surname>Kolars</surname><given-names>JC</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>The promise of competency-based education in the health professions for improving global health.</article-title><source>Hum Resour Health</source><year>2012</year><volume>10</volume><fpage>43</fpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1186/1478-4491-10-43</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23157696</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r4"><label>4</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>van der Vleuten</surname><given-names>CPM</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Competency-based education is beneficial for professional development.</article-title><source>Perspect Med Educ</source><year>2015</year><volume>4</volume><fpage>323</fpage><lpage>325</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s40037-015-0232-6</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">26553242</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r5"><label>5</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hawkins</surname><given-names>RE</given-names></name><name><surname>Welcher</surname><given-names>CM</given-names></name><name><surname>Holmboe</surname><given-names>ES</given-names></name><name><surname>Kirk</surname><given-names>LM</given-names></name><name><surname>Norcini</surname><given-names>JJ</given-names></name><name><surname>Simons</surname><given-names>KB</given-names></name><name><surname>Skochelak</surname><given-names>SE</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Implementation of competency-based medical education: are we addressing the concerns and challenges?</article-title><source>Med Educ</source><year>2015</year><volume>49</volume><fpage>1086</fpage><lpage>1102</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/medu.12831</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">26494062</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r6"><label>6</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ten Cate</surname><given-names>O</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Competency-Based Postgraduate Medical Education: Past, Present and Future.</article-title><source>GMS J Med Educ</source><year>2017</year><volume>34</volume><fpage>69</fpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3205/zma001146</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">29226237</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r7"><label>7</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Dagnone</surname><given-names>JD</given-names></name><name><surname>Chan</surname><given-names>MK</given-names></name><name><surname>Meschino</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Bandiera</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><name><surname>den Rooyen</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Matlow</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>McEwen</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name><name><surname>Scheele</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name><name><surname>St Croix</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Living in a World of Change: Bridging the Gap From Competency-Based Medical Education Theory to Practice in Canada.</article-title><source>Acad Med</source><year>2020</year><volume>95</volume><fpage>1643</fpage><lpage>1646</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1097/ACM.0000000000003216</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">32079931</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r8"><label>8</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Garofalo</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Aggarwal</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Competency-Based Medical Education and Assessment of Training: Review of Selected National Obstetrics and Gynaecology Curricula.</article-title><source>J Obstet Gynaecol Can</source><year>2017</year><volume>39</volume><fpage>534</fpage><lpage>544</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.jogc.2017.01.024</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">28532631</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r9"><label>9</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Nguyen</surname><given-names>VT</given-names></name><name><surname>Losee</surname><given-names>JE</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Time- versus Competency-Based Residency Training.</article-title><source>Plast Reconstr Surg</source><year>2016</year><volume>138</volume><fpage>527</fpage><lpage>531</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1097/PRS.0000000000002407</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">27465174</pub-id></element-citation></ref>
		
<ref id="r10"><label>10</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Swing</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name></person-group>
<article-title>ACGME Launches Outcomes Assessment Project.</article-title><source>JAMA</source><year>1998</year><volume>279</volume><fpage>1492</fpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1001/jama.279.18.1492</pub-id></element-citation></ref>
		
<ref id="r11"><label>11</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Michels</surname><given-names>NR</given-names></name><name><surname>Denekens</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Driessen</surname><given-names>EW</given-names></name><name><surname>Van Gaal</surname><given-names>LF</given-names></name><name><surname>Bossaert</surname><given-names>LL</given-names></name><name><surname>De Winter</surname><given-names>BY</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>A Delphi study to construct a CanMEDS competence based inventory applicable for workplace assessment.</article-title><source>BMC Med Educ</source><year>2012</year><volume>12</volume><fpage>86</fpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1186/1472-6920-12-86</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22973829</pub-id></element-citation></ref>
		
<ref id="r12"><label>12</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other">The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. Objectives of training in the specialty of obstetrics and gynecology, 2016 [Cited 27 October 2024]; Available from: https://www.royalcollege.ca/content/dam/documents/ibd/obstetrics-and-gynecology/obgyn-otr-2016-e.pdf.
</mixed-citation></ref>
		
		
<ref id="r13"><label>13</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other">(NVOG) Nederlandse Vereniging voor Obstetrie en Gynaecologie. Landelijk Opleidingsplan Gynaecologie en Obstetrie (LOGO), 2021 [Cited 26 October 2024]; Available from: https://nvog-logo.nl/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/LOGO_fullEN_version921_1223.pdf.
</mixed-citation></ref>
		
		
<ref id="r14"><label>14</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other">Eggermont J, Van Raemdonck D, Goffin J. The medical curriculum at KU Leuven-University of Leuven. Clinical Medical Education. 2014;1(1):19-27.
</mixed-citation></ref>
		
<ref id="r15"><label>15</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other">(UEMS) European Union of Medical Specialists. European Training Requirements in Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2018 [Cited 26 October 2024]; Available from: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1gII5RSrrbr0MPVnhVswdLuqGPj1Drhk4/view?usp=drive_link.
</mixed-citation></ref>
		
<ref id="r16"><label>16</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other">SBO Scaffold. ePortfolios to support workplace learning in healthcare education. [Cited 26 October 2024]; Available from: https://www.sbo-scaffold.com/en.
</mixed-citation></ref>
		
		
<ref id="r17"><label>17</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other">(MSG) Master Specialistische Geneeskunde. Leerresultatenkaart MSG,  2014 [Cited 26 October 2024]; Available from: https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BzVOpAairWg_Y2pxYlZBSFUxNjg/view?usp=sharing&amp;resourcekey=0-Btu_V2ksmfmQnFc_JD63VQ.
</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="r18"><label>18</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bharathan</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name><name><surname>Ghai</surname><given-names>V</given-names></name><name><surname>Ind</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Obstetrics and gynaecology trainees' perceptions of the CanMEDS expertise model: implications for training from a regional questionnaire study in the United Kingdom.</article-title><source>J Obstet Gynaecol</source><year>2020</year><volume>40</volume><fpage>1138</fpage><lpage>1144</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1080/01443615.2019.1699039</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">31941386</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r19"><label>19</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Chou</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Cole</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><name><surname>McLaughlin</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Lockyer</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>CanMEDS evaluation in Canadian postgraduate training programmes: tools used and programme director satisfaction.</article-title><source>Med Educ</source><year>2008</year><volume>42</volume><fpage>879</fpage><lpage>886</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/j.1365-2923.2008.03111.x</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18715485</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r20"><label>20</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Jilg</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>M&#xF6;ltner</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Berberat</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Fischer</surname><given-names>MR</given-names></name><name><surname>Breckwoldt</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>How do Supervising Clinicians of a University Hospital and Associated Teaching Hospitals Rate the Relevance of the Key Competencies within the CanMEDS Roles Framework in Respect to Teaching in Clinical Clerkships?</article-title><source>GMS Z Med Ausbild</source><year>2015</year><volume>32</volume><fpage>33</fpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3205/zma000975</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">26413171</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r21"><label>21</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ringsted</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Hansen</surname><given-names>TL</given-names></name><name><surname>Davis</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Scherpbier</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Are some of the challenging aspects of the CanMEDS roles valid outside Canada?</article-title><source>Med Educ</source><year>2006</year><volume>40</volume><fpage>807</fpage><lpage>815</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/j.1365-2929.2006.02525.x</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16869928</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r22"><label>22</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Van der Aa</surname><given-names>JE</given-names></name><name><surname>Goverde</surname><given-names>AJ</given-names></name><name><surname>Scheele</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Improving the training of the future gynaecologist: development of a European curriculum in Obstetrics and Gynaecology (EBCOG-PACT).</article-title><source>Facts Views Vis Obgyn</source><year>2018</year><volume>10</volume><fpage>1</fpage><lpage>2</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">30510662</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r23"><label>23</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Robbrecht</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Norga</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Van Winckel</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Valcke</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Embo</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Development of an integrated competency framework for postgraduate paediatric training: a Delphi study.</article-title><source>Eur J Pediatr</source><year>2022</year><volume>181</volume><fpage>637</fpage><lpage>646</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s00431-021-04237-2</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">34498171</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r24"><label>24</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other">Day J, Bobeva M. A generic toolkit for the successful management of Delphi studies. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods. 2005;3(2):103&amp;#x2011;116.
</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="r25"><label>25</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Gill</surname><given-names>FJ</given-names></name><name><surname>Leslie</surname><given-names>GD</given-names></name><name><surname>Grech</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Latour</surname><given-names>JM</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Using a web-based survey tool to undertake a Delphi study: application for nurse education research.</article-title><source>Nurse Educ Today</source><year>2013</year><volume>33</volume><fpage>1322</fpage><lpage>1328</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.nedt.2013.02.016</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23510701</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r26"><label>26</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hasson</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name><name><surname>Keeney</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>McKenna</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Research guidelines for the Delphi survey technique.</article-title><source>J Adv Nurs</source><year>2000</year><volume>32</volume><fpage>1008</fpage><lpage>1015</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11095242</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r27"><label>27</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other">Skulmoski GJ, Hartman FT, Krahn J. The Delphi method for graduate research. Journal of Information Technology Education. 2007;6(1):1-21.
</mixed-citation></ref>
	
<ref id="r28"><label>28</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Thangaratinam</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Redman</surname><given-names>CWE</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>The Delphi technique.</article-title><source>The Obstetrician and Gynaecologist</source><year>2005</year><volume>7</volume><fpage>120</fpage><lpage>125</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1576/toag.7.2.120.27071</pub-id></element-citation></ref>
	
<ref id="r29"><label>29</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Keeney</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Hasson</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name><name><surname>McKenna</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Consulting the oracle: ten lessons from using the Delphi technique in nursing research.</article-title><source>J Adv Nurs</source><year>2006</year><volume>53</volume><fpage>205</fpage><lpage>212</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/j.1365-2648.2006.03716.x</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16422719</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r30"><label>30</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Cowman</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Gethin</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><name><surname>Clarke</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name><name><surname>Moore</surname><given-names>Z</given-names></name><name><surname>Craig</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><name><surname>Jordan-O'Brien</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>McLain</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Strapp</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>An international eDelphi study identifying the research and education priorities in wound management and tissue repair.</article-title><source>J Clin Nurs</source><year>2012</year><volume>21</volume><fpage>344</fpage><lpage>353</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/j.1365-2702.2011.03950.x</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22151150</pub-id></element-citation></ref>
			
<ref id="r31"><label>31</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other">Hsu C, Sandford BA. The Delphi technique: making sense of consensus. Practical Assessment, Research, and Evaluation. 2007;12(1):10.
</mixed-citation></ref>
			
<ref id="r32"><label>32</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bobonich</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Cooper</surname><given-names>KD</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>A Core Curriculum for Dermatology Nurse Practitioners: Using Delphi Technique.</article-title><source>J Dermatol Nurses Assoc</source><year>2012</year><volume>4</volume><fpage>108</fpage><lpage>120</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1097/JDN.0b013e31824ab94c</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22745849</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r33"><label>33</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Foth</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name><name><surname>Efstathiou</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Vanderspank-Wright</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><name><surname>Ufholz</surname><given-names>LA</given-names></name><name><surname>D&#xFC;tthorn</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Zimansky</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Humphrey-Murto</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>The use of Delphi and Nominal Group Technique in nursing education: A review.</article-title><source>Int J Nurs Stud</source><year>2016</year><volume>60</volume><fpage>112</fpage><lpage>120</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2016.04.015</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">27297373</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r34"><label>34</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Elo</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Kyng&#xE4;s</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>The qualitative content analysis process.</article-title><source>J Adv Nurs</source><year>2008</year><volume>62</volume><fpage>107</fpage><lpage>115</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04569.x</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18352969</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r35"><label>35</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Swing</surname><given-names>SR</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>The ACGME outcome project: retrospective and prospective.</article-title><source>Med Teach</source><year>2007</year><volume>29</volume><fpage>648</fpage><lpage>654</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1080/01421590701392903</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18236251</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r36"><label>36</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Shah</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Desai</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Jorwekar</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><name><surname>Badyal</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Singh</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Competency-based medical education: An overview and application in pharmacology.</article-title><source>Indian J Pharmacol</source><year>2016</year><volume>48</volume><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>9</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4103/0253-7613.193312</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">28031599</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r37"><label>37</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other">Yousuf MI. Using experts opinions through Delphi technique. Practical Assessment, Research, And Evaluation. 2007;12(1):4.
</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list>
  </back>
</article>
