Table 1. The Coaching Framework – A 5 Step Approach: Build. Explore. Reflect. Plan. Close
  Key Coaching Skills
          Prepare in advance
          Minimize distractions
          Use active listening
          Embrace a growth mindset
   Build the relationship & set the agenda
          Provide an overview of the session
          Identify specific area of focus
          Ask the learner to identify ideal outcome of conversation
          A firm safe space and emphasize discussion won’t be shared
  Explore the focus
          Normalize their uncertainty
          Help them explore their uncertainty:
                    Tell me more about (use specific area of focus)
                    Help me understand more…
                    What emotions does this evoke for you?
                    What are you excited about/nervous about related to this transition?
                    What is the impact of this on you?
  Reflect on prior experiences to identify strengths & skills that may help with the transition
          Think of a major transition you’ve been through in the past. How did you navigate that?
          What did you learn about yourself from that experience? 
          What strengths or skills helped you navigate this? 
          What are your opportunities for growth in this upcoming transition? 
          How will embracing this next challenge help you?
          What is your new way of seeing this?
  Define success & create an action plan using WOOP20
          Wish - What is one wish you would like to fulfill in this transition? Pick a wish that feels challenging, but that you can reasonably fulfill.
          Outcome - What would be the best outcome if your wish comes true? How would you feel?
          Obstacle - What within you holds you back from fulfilling your wish? What might stop you? It might be an emotion, an irrational belief, or a bad habit. Identify your main inner obstacle.
          Plan - What can you do to navigate your obstacle? Identify one effective action you can take or one effective thought you can think to overcome your obstacle. If this happens…I will do this…
  Close the conversation
          Signal wrap-up.
          Have learner identify how they will stay accountable.
          Have learner summarize action plan.
          Express gratitude for sharing.
          Give the learner the opportunity to have any last words to close the conversation.
Int J Med Educ. 2026; 17:20-25; doi: 10.5116/ijme.69af.f143