“The Traditionalist”​	“The Supplementer”	“The Reformer”​
Attends all or almost all lectures​	Attends at least some lectures	Does not attend any or only rarely attends lectures​
Does not use MedED-COTS resources AND/OR minimal student resources that are lecture note based​	Uses MedED-COTS AND/OR student resources alongside traditional curriculum	Uses combination of MedED-COTS AND/OR student resources instead of traditional curriculum​
“So I know like everything I need to know is already in [the] lecture. So to me like because lecture already has so much information. If I already kind of like understand what’s going on then I don’t really have the time or effort in my brain to be able to like process like external resources” [P10 pre-clerkship student]​	“It is helpful to be there and see what the instructor you know highlights as being important and I think it is good to listen to the lectures and see you know what these specialists speak about… ​…I’ve certainly gotten much more value out of [Amboss] in terms of helping me understand content and having someone show me what’s high yield.”​[P25​ pre-clerkship student]	“ I do not attend them is because I find there’s very little insight that the lecturer gives beyond what’s in the PowerPoint slides… …Whereas I found like on Anki and Amboss those resources gave me the important bits that were high yield and made everything more absorbable and less overwhelming.” [P20​ clerkship student]

Int J Med Educ. 2026; 17:97-108; doi: 10.5116/ijme.6a31.72ef