Table 1. Kirkpatrick’s model for evaluating educational outcomes19
Kirkpatrick level Evaluation outcome Explanation
Level 1 Reaction Participants’ views of the learning experience, its organisation, presentation, content, teaching methods, and quality of instruction
Level 2A Learning – change in attitudes Changes in attitudes or perceptions among participant groups towards teaching and learning
Level 2B Learning – modification of knowledge or skills For knowledge, this relates to the acquisition of concepts, procedures and principles For skills, this relates to the acquisition of thinking and problem-solving, psychomotor and social skills
Level 3 Behaviour – change in behaviours Documents the transfer of learning to the workplace or willingness of learners to apply new knowledge and skills
Level 4A Results – change in the system or organisational practice Refers to wider changes in the organisation attributable to the educational programme
Level 4B Results – change among the participants’ students and peers Refers to improvement in medical student or peer learning or performance as a direct result of the educational intervention
Int J Med Educ. 2016; 7:25-31; doi: 10.5116/ijme.5685.14da