Table 2. Outline of studies after 2008
Author Year Overall risk of bias Outcome Level* Findings Follow up duration
1 2A 2B 3 4A 4B
Hill 2012 Low Varied 1 year
Grady-Weliky 2010 Mod         Positive 1 day
Lehman 2010 Mod       Positive 3 months
Ostapchuk 2010 Mod   Positive 1 year
Donovan 2011 Mod         Positive 1 day
Wachtel 2013 Mod     Positive 1 day
Dang 2010 High Positive 1 day
Daniels-Brady 2010 High Positive 2 months
Polan 2010 High Positive 1 day
Pien 2011 High Positive 1 year
Ricciotti 2012 High Positive 4 years
Pernar 2013 High Positive 1 year
9 10 9 6 3 1
12 12 12 12 12 12
Percentage 75 83 75 50 25 8

*Kirkpatrick levels as described by Hill et al. 200919

Int J Med Educ. 2016; 7:25-31; doi: 10.5116/ijme.5685.14da