Items |
Group |
a(SE) |
b1(SE) |
b2(SE) |
b3(SE) |
Test for DIF |
Non-uniform
c2(df), p
|
Uniform
c2(df), p
|
Depression |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. I couldn't seem to experience any positive feeling at all |
Male
Female
|
1.69(0.19)
1.69(0.19)
|
-0.04(0.10)
-0.04(0.10)
|
1.53(0.15)
1.53(0.15)
|
2.59(0.25)
2.59(0.25)
|
Anchor |
|
2. I found it difficult to work up the initiative to do things |
Male
Female
|
0.71(0.15)
1.09(0.19)
|
-1.25(0.32)
-0.52(0.19)
|
2.08(0.46)
2.10(0.32)
|
4.44(0.96)
4.23(0.70)
|
2.5(1), 0.118 |
7.3(3), 0.063
|
|
3. I felt that I had nothing to look forward to |
Male
Female
|
3.73(0.50)
3.73(0.50)
|
0.44(0.08)
0.44(0.08)
|
1.57(0.13)
1.57(0.13)
|
2.30(0.20)
2.30(0.20)
|
Anchor |
|
4. I felt down-hearted and blue |
Male
Female
|
2.63(0.29)
2.63(0.29)
|
-0.22(0.09)
-0.22(0.09)
|
1.33(0.12)
1.33(0.12)
|
2.51(0.22)
2.51(0.22)
|
Anchor |
|
5. I was unable to become
enthusiastic about anything
|
Male
Female
|
1.94(0.22)
1.94(0.22)
|
0.38(0.09)
0.38(0.09)
|
1.95(0.18)
1.95(0.18)
|
2.96(0.29)
2.96(0.29)
|
Anchor |
|
6. I felt I wasn't worth much as a person |
Male
Female
|
2.24(0.26)
2.24(0.26)
|
0.63(0.10)
0.63(0.10)
|
1.86(0.17)
1.86(0.17)
|
3.04(0.30)
3.04(0.30)
|
Anchor |
|
7. I felt that life was meaningless |
Male
Female
|
2.42(0.28)
2.42(0.28)
|
0.43(0.09)
0.43(0.09)
|
1.59(0.15)
1.59(0.15)
|
2.47(0.22)
2.47(0.22)
|
Anchor |
Anxiety |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. I was aware of dryness of
my mouth
|
Male
Female
|
0.67(0.18)
0.73(0.15)
|
0.66(0.25)
0.37(0.21)
|
3.61(0.92)
3.79(0.72)
|
7.45(2.16)
6.52(1.40)
|
0.1(1), 0.785 |
3.0(3), 0.398 |
|
2. I experienced breathing
difficulty
|
Male
Female
|
1.26(0.21)
1.54.(0.33)
|
-1.09(0.20)
-1.09(0.27)
|
1.44(0.23)
0.70(0.25)
|
2.96(0.45)
2.47(0.57)
|
0(1), 0.85 |
0.6(3), 0.90 |
|
3. I experienced trembling (e.g.,
in the hands)
|
Male
Female
|
0.97(0.20)
1.15(0.19)
|
0.35(0.15)
0.53(0.16)
|
2.18(0.39)
2.58(0.36)
|
3.55(0.67)
4.41(0.68)
|
0.4(1), 0.532 |
7.0(3), 0.073 |
|
4. I was worried about situations in which I might panic and make a fool of myself |
Male
Female
|
1.26(0.22)
1.21(0.19)
|
-0.23(0.13)
-0.06(0.15)
|
1.65(0.25)
2.00(0.27)
|
3.02(0.48)
3.71(0.52)
|
0.0(1), 0.864 |
2.6(3), 0.453 |
|
5. I felt I was close to panic |
Male
Female
|
2.09(0.37)
2.48(0.45)
|
0.67 (0.11)
0.50(0.11)
|
2.00(0.24)
1.84(0.19)
|
3.58(0.66)
2.91(0.34)
|
0.4(1), 0.503 |
1.4(3), 0.699 |
|
6. I was aware of the action of my heart in the absence of
physical exertion
|
Male
Female
|
0.84(0.17)
2.00(0.42)
|
-0.55(0.21)
-0.83(0.23)
|
2.18(0.42)
1.02(0.28)
|
3.88(0.76)
2.20(0.50)
|
0.2(1), 0.66 |
3.6(3), 0.31 |
|
7. I felt that life was meaningless |
Male
Female
|
2.11(0.39)
1.91(0.33)
|
0.84(0.12)
0.75(0.12)
|
2.06(0.25)
2.15(0.23)
|
2.83(0.40)
3.08(0.37)
|
0.2(1) 0.696 |
0.7(3) 0.882 |
Stress |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. I found it hard to wind down |
Male
Female
|
0.58(0.12)
0.58(0.12)
|
0.66(0.23)
0.66(0.23)
|
4.96(1.03)
4.96(1.03)
|
8.04(1.78)
8.04(1.78)
|
Anchor |
|
2. I tended to over-react to
situations
|
Male
Female
|
1.40(0.28)
1.33(0.23)
|
1.20(0.19)
1.13(0.18)
|
2.81(0.46)
2.88(0.38)
|
4.57(1.06)
4.28(0.66)
|
0.5(1), 0.47 |
6.3(3), 0.099 |
|
3. I felt that I was using a lot of nervous energy |
Male
Female
|
1.37(0.21)
1.37(0.21)
|
-0.89(0.18)
-0.89(0.18)
|
0.87(0.17)
0.87(0.17)
|
2.44(0.36)
2.44(0.36)
|
Anchor |
|
4. I found myself getting agitated |
Male
Female
|
2.30(0.42)
2.73(0.56)
|
-0.26(0.11)
-0.65(0.20)
|
1.44(0.16)
0.99(0.27)
|
2.45(0.29)
2.29(0.49)
|
0.4(1), 0.536 |
5.2(3), 0.15 |
|
5. I found it difficult to relax |
Male
Female
|
2.22(0.40)
2.35(0.49)
|
-0.10(0.11)
-0.61(0.20)
|
1.52(0.17)
1.27(0.32)
|
2.69(0.33)
2.11(0.47)
|
0.0(1), 0.834 |
7.6(3), 0.054 |
|
6. I was intolerant of anything
that kept me from getting on with what I was doing
|
Male
Female
|
0.84(0.17)
2.00(0.42)
|
-0.55(0.21)
-0.83(0.23)
|
2.18(0.42)
1.02(0.28)
|
3.88(0.76)
2.20(0.50)
|
6.5(1), 0.011 |
10.9(3), 0.012 |
|
7. I felt that I was rather touchy |
Male
Female
|
1.28(0.21)
1.98(0.42)
|
-0.85(0.18)
-1.13(0.26)
|
1.29(0.20)
0.45(0.21)
|
3.32(0.50)
1.95(0.45)
|
2.2(1), 0.139 |
6.2(3), 0.102 |
Int J Med Educ. 2017; 8:116-122; doi: 10.5116/ijme.58ba.7d8b